This inaugural report describes the self-reported attitudes and motivations of students nationally during the first term of their second year of college. Based on a 78-item motivational assessment administered to students in the 2010 fall term, the report highlights the educational experiences of second-year students as they transition from their first-year of college. The second year of college is frequently described as a critical period of transition, adjustment, and potential confusion for students who often leave the safety and security of a very structured and directed first-year program. As students begin their second year, they search for purpose and meaning in the selection of a major, new friendships, a career of interest, and financial solutions for their educational and living expenses and debt, leaving many to feel disconnected and overwhelmed with their new reality. To address these dynamics, second-year student success initiatives typically feature opportunities that focus on academic concerns, leadership, majors, careers, community service, finances, and social relationships. This report offers a window into four areas of challenge for second-year students as they transition from the first to second year of college: academics, advising, finances, and social and personal relationships. Findings from this study of student attitudes and motivations include: (1) More than 95 percent of the 8,600 second-year students who participated in this study indicated a strong commitment to finishing college; (2) Student receptivity to institutional help from first year to second year increased most in the areas of advising and career counseling; (3) Student finances were a challenge for second-year students, with only 51 percent indicating they had the financial resources they need to finish college; and (4) Issues around friendships and social relationships were evident among 25 to 35 percent of second-year students. For example, 27 percent of these students were unable to affirm that "It has been easy for me to make friends in college." Appended are: (1) Additional comments from Noel-Levitz regarding the findings; and (2) Additional findings. (Contains 4 tables.) [For related report, "Addendum: Transfer Students--The Attitudes of Second-Year College Students. Research Report," see ED536425.]