How pronounced is income inequality around the world--and how can education help reduce it? This paper reports the following: (1) Across OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the average income of the richest 10% of the population was about nine times that of the poorest 10% before the onset of the global economic crisis; (2) High levels of income inequality are associated with low levels of earnings mobility between generations in a number of countries; (3) Education policies that promote equity and support disadvantaged students in achieving better academic outcomes may help reduce income inequality in the future; and (4) Four top performers on the 2009 PISA assessment--Canada, Finland, Japan, and Korea--put a strong focus on equity in their education systems.