The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) provides a unique resource with which to analyze the health status, health care use, activities, and family and community environments experienced by children in rural and urban areas. The NSCH was designed to measure the health and well-being of children from birth through age 17 in the United States while taking into account the environments in which they grow and develop. Conducted for the second time in 2007, the survey collected information from parents on their children's health, including oral, physical, and mental health, health care use and insurance status, and social activities and well-being. Aspects of the child's environment that were assessed in the survey include family structure, poverty level, parental health and well-being, and community surroundings. The survey was supported and developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) and was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). This book presents information about the health and health care of children by location and by major demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race and ethnicity, and household income as compared to the Federal poverty level. Unless otherwise noted, all graphs provide information on all children from birth through age 17. Children were classified by race and ethnicity in seven categories: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic (in homes where English is the primary spoken language), Hispanic (in homes where Spanish is the primary spoken language), non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (alone or in combination with other races), multiracial, and single races other than those listed above. All comparisons presented in the text of this chartbook are statistically significant at the 0.05 level; however, unless otherwise specified, other differences presented in the graphs have not been tested for significance and should be interpreted with caution. The Technical Appendices at the end of this book presents information about the survey methodology and sample. [For related reports, see "Children with Special Health Care Needs in Context: A Portrait of States and the Nation 2007. The National Survey of Children's Health 2007" (ED530916); "The Health and Well-Being of Children: A Portrait of States and the Nation 2007. The National Survey of Children's Health 2007" (ED530918); and "The Mental and Emotional Well-Being of Children: A Portrait of States and the Nation 2007. The National Survey of Children's Health" (ED530917).]