This research overview provides the key messages arising from two related projects investigating tertiary education institutions that have recently begun to offer tertiary programs outside the sector of their initial establishment and the sector of the majority of their enrolments. These are TAFE institutes offering higher education programs, universities offering vocational education programs, and private providers offering both. Both projects sought to understand the nature and focus of mixed-sector provision: why institutions want to offer both vocational and higher education programs; how this provision is perceived by participants, particularly students and teachers; the kinds of pathways to work and further study that are possible; the benefits of this provision as well as problems with its delivery; and how quality may be ensured. The projects involved 159 interviews in 15 institutions in six states or territories. The following are overview messages from the two projects: (1) One tertiary education sector is emerging, but it is hierarchical and stratified; (2) While as yet there is still no coherent national policy on tertiary education, elements have been established recently which may in time develop into a coherent group of national institutions of tertiary education; (3) Knowledge of tertiary education and evaluation of its performance are limited by inconsistent, incomplete and, in some areas, missing data; (4) Higher education scholarship requirements are vaguely expressed, poorly understood and inconsistently implemented; (5) Individual institutions are not well resourced to support their minority sector alone--sector-wide support is needed; and (6) As the sectors become increasingly blurred, a more sophisticated understanding of vocational education will be needed. (Contains 3 footnotes.) [For related report, "Shaken Not Stirred? The Development of One Tertiary Education Sector in Australia. NCVER Monograph Series 08/2012," see ED528867.]