A continuing need for comprehensive and timely information about the public school teachers of the United States led the National Education Association (NEA) Research Division in 1956 to develop the first of a series of surveys and subsequent reports covering various aspects of teachers' professional, family, and civic lives. The NEA has conducted this survey, "The Status of the American Public School Teacher," every five years since 1956, revising the questionnaire each time to gather up-to-date and trend data on matters of importance to the profession. The topical sections of this volume contain summaries and analyses of the major results of the most recent Status survey, conducted in 2005-2006, and compare these results with those of previous "Status" studies. However, this study, and its predecessors since 1961, does not include data from the first Status survey, of 1956, because of differences in the sampling methods used in that initial survey. Some data from the second survey, of 1961, are also omitted, in that case because differences in the wording of some questions in that year's survey preclude reliable comparisons with subsequent surveys. Data from 1961 are included in the "Status" tables, however, when they are comparable with data from the surveys of later years. Each of the first 12 chapters of this report contains important findings for 2005-06 and indications of significant trends that have become evident since 1961. Chapter 13 provides new data with regard to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. Because NCLB became law only in 2001, no "Status" trend data are available. Appended are: (1) Survey Instrument: "The Status of the American Public School Teacher"; and (2) Tabulation of Question Responses. (Contains 79 tables, 18 figures and 4 footnotes.)