This study examines how communities participate in schools across diverse contexts in developing countries and the results attributed to community participation. It reviews evaluations of participatory approaches to education in developing countries to answer two basic questions: 1) How do communities participate in school in developing countries? and 2) What results do students, schools and communities achieve when communities participate in schools? It finds that there are 19 types of decisions related to six areas of school functioning in which communities participate. However, participation is concentrated in the areas related to building, maintaining and resourcing schools and the monitoring of teachers and school budgets. It also finds that where communities participate, there are improved school facilities, increased accountability of school personnel, and improved capacity of participants. At community and school levels, concerns persist regarding the extent to which issues of equity are addressed through the participatory approaches evaluated and whether the benefits of participation by community members extend beyond those who are directly involved. Three appendixes present: (1) Studies Reviewed by Purpose, Design and Sample; (2) Evaluations / Studies Reviewed; and (3) Criteria for Selection of Studies. (Contains 9 tables, 1 figure, and 18 footnotes.)