This first annual report on the "Condition of Education in Ohio 2004" provides in-depth data about the students who are served by Ohio's elementary and secondary educational system and how well they are performing. This report provides educators, policymakers and researchers with a comprehensive picture of Ohio's kindergarten through grade 12 system. By openly sharing this data, the Ohio Department of Education and the State Board of Education hope to inform state and local discussions about the policies, programs and practices that influence teaching and learning. In particular, this report focuses on the results attained by Ohio's public school students. Ohio's social and economic future depends upon the state's capacity to provide a high-quality of public education to all of its citizens. It advances the discussion of student achievement in Ohio by sharing information about the students served, indicators of their academic performances, and information about the strategies employed through statewide policies, programs and practices. The first section, "Who Is Being Served by Public Education in Ohio?", examines student populations in Ohio's public and private schools. The second section, "How Well Are Ohio Students Achieving?", provides a wealth of information about student achievement in Ohio. This section is followed by, "Are Ohio's Students Ready for College?", which focuses on how well Ohio prepares students for higher education and careers. The fourth and final section, "How Is Ohio Supporting Improvement in Teaching and Learning?", centers on the programs and support that Ohio is implementing to positively affect student performance, especially the accountability system as a tool for focusing on improved teaching and learning. (Contains 23 tables, 88 figures, 7 resources, and a glossary.)