On November 5, 2002, Congress passed the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (ESRA), establishing the Institute of Education Sciences (IES, or the Institute) and its board of directors, the National Board for Education Sciences (NBES, or the Board). The Institute reports to Congress yearly on the condition of education in the United States. The Institute provides thorough and objective evaluations of federal programs, sponsors research relevant and useful to educators and others (such as policymakers), and serves as a trusted source of unbiased information on what works in education. This paper presents the annual report of the National Board for Education Sciences for 2009. Appendices include: (1) Members of the National Board for Education Sciences (as of July 1, 2009) and Ex Officio Members; and (2) Approved National Board for Education Sciences Resolutions. [For "National Board for Education Sciences 2008 Annual Report, August 2007 through July 2008. NBES 2008-6009," see ED504450.]