The Maine Department of Education wanted to use longitudinal data from its data system to better understand whether and how student and school characteristics are associated with student performance on the state-mandated Maine High School Assessment (MHSA). It was particularly interested in understanding the factors associated with changes in test scores between the beginning of grade 10 and the end of grade 11. The MHSA, which comprises the College Board's SAT tests in critical reading, writing, and math and a science assessment, is administered in the spring of grade 11 to determine whether Maine high schools have made adequate yearly progress. The following research question guided this study: How are student characteristics, student prior achievement measures, and school characteristics associated with students' grade 11 Maine High School Assessment scores in reading, writing, math, and science? Using multilevel regression models to examine how student characteristics, student prior achievement measures, and school characteristics are associated with performance on the Maine High School Assessment, this study finds statistically significant relationships between several of these variables and assessment scores in reading, writing, math, and science. (Contains 1 note.) [For the full report, see ED516738.]