Over the past few years, several food recalls, such as for beef and peanut products, have affected schools. It is especially important that recalls affecting schools be carried out efficiently and effectively because young children have a higher risk of complications from food-borne illnesses. GAO was asked to determine how federal agencies (1) notified states and schools about food recalls, (2) advised states and schools about disposal and reimbursement of recalled food, and (3) ensured that recalls were being carried out effectively. To do this, GAO reviewed and analyzed relevant documents and interviewed federal and state officials, as well as officials from 23 school districts that had experience with at least one of four recent cases involving the safety of food in the school lunch program. GAO recommends that USDA improve FNS notification procedures and instructions on carrying out recalls. GAO also recommends specific steps that USDA and HHS take to improve monitoring of the effectiveness of recalls. USDA and HHS agreed with this report's recommendations. Appended: (1) Comments from the Department of Agriculture; (2) Comments from the Department of Health and Human Services; and (3) GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments. (Contains 3 figures and 22 footnotes.)