This literature review, undertaken for Australian Industry Group, shows how multiple variations and combinations of formal, informal and non-formal learning, accompanied by various government incentives and organisational initiatives (including job redesign, cross-skilling, multi-skilling, diversified career pathways, action learning projects, quality assurance arrangements, job rotations and mentoring programs), can be used to prepare workers to gain, maintain or progress through jobs. Appended are: (1) Evidence on workplace learning; (2) Examples of accelerated apprenticeships; and (3) Examples of mentoring programs. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)