This document examines the educational progress of American Indian/Alaska Native children and adults and challenges in their education. This report shows that over time more American Indian/Alaska Native students have gone on to college and that their attainment expectations have increased. Despite these gains, progress has been uneven and differences persist between American Indian/Alaska Native students and students of other racial/ethnic groups on key indicators of educational performance. The report is organized into the following four chapters containing a total of seven indicators: (1) Demographic Overview; (2) Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education; (3) Postsecondary Education; and (4) Outcomes of Education. It is noted that the relatively small size of the American Indian and Alaska Native population poses many measurement difficulties when using statistical data. Researchers studying data on American Indians and Alaska Natives often face small sample sizes that reduce the reliability of results and survey data for American Indians and Alaska Natives often have somewhat higher standard errors than data for other racial/ethnic groups. The indicators presented are intended to provide an overview of the education data available on American Indians/Alaska Natives from many federal surveys. Many of the variables examined in this report may be related to one another, and complex interactions and relationships among the variables have not been explored. The variables presented here are also just a sample of thousands that can be examined using the included surveys, and were selected to provide a range of data relevant to a variety of policy issues, rather than emphasize comprehensive information on any particular issue. Two appendixes are included: (1) Supplemental Tables; and (2) Guide to Sources. (Contains 24 footnotes, 56 figures and 85 tables.)