This InfoBrief investigates the role and relevance of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in enhancing educational opportunities for African Americans by examining the role of HBCUs as baccalaureate-origin institutions of black science and engineering (S&E) doctorate recipients. It examines trends primarily during the past two decades and compares HBCUs to non-HBCU institutions, to different Carnegie types of institutions, and to a select group of baccalaureate colleges--the Oberlin 50 (minus Hampton University which is an HBCU). The InfoBrief also examines differences between public and private institutions. The analysis focuses on two types of output variables: the absolute number of doctorates and the institutional yield--the number of S&E doctorates in a given year per thousand bachelor's degrees awarded in all fields 9 years (the median time from bachelor's--to-doctorate receipt for S&E doctorates) prior to that year. (Contains 3 tables, 4 figures, and 7 notes.)