This document contains resolution text adopted by the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) in July 2006 regarding English language learners (ELLs). A Question & Answer section follows the resolution, addressing the following issues: (1) How the AFT is helping educators who work with ELLs; (2) Latest research on effective literacy practices for ELLs; (3) Latest research on tools to facilitate the process of English language literary acquisition; (4) Range of effective instructional models for ELLs; and (5) Additional contributing factors to academic achievement for ELLs. Major challenges to closing the achievement gap for ELLs are identified as: (1) Disproportionate attendance at resource-poor schools; (2) Lack of access to specialized instruction and staff; (3) Lack of participation in rigorous college-preparatory coursework; and (4) Families who lack familiarity with the U.S. school system and who live in poverty. The document concludes with additional reading suggestions: both AFT publications and external publications are included.