This hearing focused on: (1) what data States collect to monitor the care and supervision of children in foster care and children for whom adoption subsidies are paid; (2) how that data is used today; and (3) what additional data or applications of these data might better ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of children. Testimony was heard from: Cornelia Ashby, Director, Education, Workforce and Income Security Issues, U.S. General Accounting Office; Fred H. Wulczyn, Chapin Hall Center for Children, University of Chicago; Robert McKeagney, Child Welfare League of America; David R. Springett, Community College Foundation; Tom Delay (R-TX) and House Majority Leader; Michael A. Watkins, Florida Department of Children and Families; and Jill Baker, Norfolk Department of Human Services. Twenty-two public witnesses submitted statements for the record.