Since the passage of Title IX in 1972--a landmark federal sex equity law--enforcement efforts have primarily focused on creating equity for females, based on studies showing them lagging in access and opportunity. But in recent years, concern has been rising about gender gaps that affect males--including an increasingly visible gender gap in higher education. Women significantly outnumber men in higher education enrollment and attainment of degrees. This report presents an overview of the gender gap in California colleges and universities. Males in every major ethnic group are underrepresented in relation to their representation in the state's population. The report also identifies areas for further study on the causes and implications of this gap. (Contains 2 footnotes and 8 displays.)