There is a major concern about the drop of young women entering Computer Science degree programs and a drop in the participation of women in these information technology occupations. In all levels of educational institutions across the nation, girls and women remain under-represented in computer and information science studies and subsequently, the technological workforce. Serious consequences occur not only to women's overall potential, which is not fully realized, but also to the world's economy. This literature review focuses on women in information technology by addressing the shortage of women in information technology (IT), the theoretical perspectives of women in IT, barriers to women in IT, and strategies for recruiting and retaining women in the IT workforce. [For complete proceedings, see ED491481.]