In the Republic of Korea, technical and vocational education (TVE) programs in the formal education system are provided at senior secondary schools and postsecondary institutions (junior colleges). Out-of-school vocational training is provided as nonformal education. Since the early 1960s, the TVE system has been restructured in response to industrial demands. Many new vocational training institutes have been established; the government has also mandated private in-plant training. In the 1990s, the economy is facing new challenges posed by the changing economic environment, including globalization of trade and labor markets, rapid advancement of new technologies, and more competition. The government has introduced various measures to strengthen the vocational education and training system to prepare the necessary skilled manpower to meet changing industrial demands while reducing pressure on higher education. The trends of globalization of trade and labor markets, rapidly changing technologies, and mass unemployment resulting from the recent economic crisis are expected to continue in the twenty-first century and will foster rapidly paced changes in future industrial structures and employment patterns. Measures and policy recommendations to be considered are core competencies; integration of the senior secondary school curriculum; lifelong education; school-to-work transition system; and enterprise training. (YLB)