Learning and training in school-based new apprenticeships (SBNAs) in Australia were examined through a survey of school-based new apprentices in Queensland, Victoria, and South Australia. Of the 2,330 questionnaires sent, 641 (27.5%) were completed. Compared with their counterparts, students undertaking SBNAs were more likely to be living outside a capital city, less likely to aspire to immediate university entrance, and disproportionately of lower socioeconomic status. Their main motivation for undertaking a new apprenticeship was to gain the associated qualification or specific experience in an industry area. Most respondents were very satisfied with their jobs, and the learning outcomes they reported on several measures were greater than those reported by ordinary part-time workers. The respondents generally saw off-the-job training as adding to their learning both theoretically and practically. The following were among the issues regarding SBNAs that were identified by the study: the low number of hours worked compared with the total number of hours normally involved in completion of a traineeship or apprenticeship; the concentration of SBNAs in those industries that are also the most common site of ordinary part-time work; and evidence of poor quality of training provision by some registered training organizations. (Thirty-three tables/figures, 16 endnotes, and 27 references are included. The questionnaire is appended.) (MN)