This report provides data on the academic achievement gap that separates low-income and minority students from other students, examining how well different groups of students perform in Pennsylvania and noting inequities in teacher quality, course offerings, and funding. Included are tables and data that provide: a frontier gap analysis (a comparison of Pennsylvania to the leaders in achievement and gap closing); student profile (the demographic distribution of youth in Pennsylvania); state performance (academic achievement as measured by college admissions tests and educational attainment); opportunity (well prepared teachers, challenging curricula, special student placements, effective instruction, and annual per pupil investments); minority achievement gains, state by state; and analysis of minority-white achievement gaps by subject area and grade level. Student achievement data are based on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Because Pennsylvania did not participate in any of the NAEP tests in 1998, and participated only in one of three tests given in 1996, it is impossible to provide a complete profile of student achievement in Pennsylvania. (Contains 24 references.) (SM)