The Perkins Act and the Workforce Development Act (WIA) brought major changes to the arena of nontraditional employment and training. Perkins eliminated set-asides for displaced homemakers, single parents, and single pregnant women but mandated increased enrollment in high-wage nontraditional training. With the WIA, the Nontraditional Employment for Women Act was repealed; however, some WIA provisions required a focus on nontraditional occupations (NTOs), which tend to offer higher wages than female-dominated occupations do. Despite more than 20 years of equity legislation and programming, many barriers nevertheless remain. Recent research shows that early nontraditional experiences can have a lasting impact on women's career directions, that experiences in technical or hands-on activities increase career-related confidence and self-efficacy, and that the way nontraditional careers are advertised and perceived by the public has a significant impact on who pursues those opportunities. Although most NTO programming is aimed at women and girls, a significant recent thrust has focused on how males are affected by stereotypes in occupations that are nontraditional for their gender. Increasing emphasis is also being placed on encouraging minorities to pursue careers in which they have historically been underrepresented. (A 22-item annotated bibliography constitutes approximately 80% of this document.) (MN)