Nonformal education (NFE) in urban Kenya was examined in a study that focused on Kisumu, Mombasa, and Nairobi. Data were collected from the following sources: a literature review; investigations of 88 nonformal, informal, and community schools and centers in the three cities; and interviews with 14 key persons involved in delivery of NFE. The following were among the key findings: (1) the concept of NFE was not well understood by those who offered it; (2) most schools/centers were temporary and makeshift shelters; (3) low fees were the greatest attraction of NFE schools; (4) most learners were poor, and many were former street children, homeless children, and child labor victims; (5) dropout rates were high, especially for females; (6) curricula were diverse and responded to learners' needs; and (7) NFE schools/centers received different types of support from government and nongovernmental organizations. Ten recommendations for improving delivery of NFE in urban Kenya were presented. (Nineteen tables/figures are included. The following items are appended: data on enrollment in NFE in Nairobi; a list of NFE schools and centers studied; a list of key persons interviewed; and a chronology of research on NFE in Kenya in 1994-2000. The bibliography contains 29 references.) (MN)