This report describes apprenticeship system development in Australia and provides a quantitative macro-level analysis of apprenticeship, traineeship, and new apprenticeship trends. Following an introduction (chapter 1), chapters 2-3 trace its European origins and establishment in colonial Australia, development and evolution through the twentieth century, establishment of traineeships in the mid-1980s, and integration of traditional apprenticeships and traineeships into a single new apprenticeship system in 1998. Chapter 4 explores Australia's comparative standing as a world-leading apprenticeship country in recent years. Chapter 5 analyzes the way the structure and nature of apprenticeships, traineeships, and new apprenticeships have changed. Chapter 6 considers changes in who is participating in apprenticeships and explores its transformation to a system providing training opportunities for all Australians. Chapters 7-8 examine system outcomes in terms of the extent of successful completion of apprenticeships, traineeships, and new apprenticeships and the job outcomes and career prospects such training leads to. Chapter 9 explores what this means for the future of the Australian apprenticeship system and identifies areas of the labor market with growth potential. Chapter 10 discusses ideas for rethinking the apprenticeship concept for the new century. Appendixes include 129 references; additional statistics and research information; and 213-item bibliography. (YLB)