One of the biggest changes in the lives of children in the United States is the increasing number of infants and toddlers who are cared for outside the home during work hours. This book provides a compilation of information and discussions from a meeting of the National Center for Early Development and Learning, held annually to convene experts around a given topic and generate recommendations for future research, policy, practice, and professional development. The chapters are: (1) "Introduction" (Thelma Harms); (2) "Cognitive Development in Infants: Looking, Listening, and Learning" (Judy S. DeLoache); (3) "Language Development in Early Childhood: The Role of Social Interaction" (Jane R. Katz and Catherine E. Snow); (4) "Social Development, Family, and Attachment Relationships of Infants and Toddlers: Research into Practice" (Carollee Howes); (5) "New Directions for Studying Quality in Programs for Infants and Toddlers" (John M. Love, Helen Raikes, Diane Paulsell, and Ellen Eliason Kisker); (6) "Respiratory Disease in Infants and Toddlers" (Albert M. Collier and Frederick W. Henderson); (7) "Diarrheal Disease in Infants and Toddlers" (Robin B. Churchill and Larry K. Pickering); (8) "The Early Intervention System and Out-of-Home Child Care" (Michael J. Guralnick); (9) "The Cultural Context of Infant and Toddler Care" (Judith K. Bernhard and Janet Gonzalez-Mena); (10) "Supporting Infants and Toddlers: The Nascent Policy Agenda" (Sharon Lynn Kagan and Kathryn Taaffe McLearn); (11) "Supporting Families as Primary Caregivers: The Role of the Workplace" (Ellen Galinsky and James T. Bond); and (12) "The Whole Child: Transdisciplinary Implications for Infant and Toddler Care" (Debby Cryer). Each chapter contains references. (KB)