This issue of the Australian Early Childhood Association Research in Practice Series focuses on attention difficulties in young children and is directed to parents, child caregivers, and others interested in the care and education of young children. The booklet describes behaviors and characteristics common in children with attention difficulties, identifies differences between an active and a hyperactive child, delineates characteristics of attention difficulties, and discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its diagnosis. The booklet also outlines strategies that adults can use to help children with attention difficulties to manage their world, including giving simple, clear instructions, offering clear routines and structure, setting clear rules, and giving children time to complete requests. The booklet also explains ineffective strategies for managing behavior and provides suggestions for parents, caregivers, and teachers to enhance the social skills and self-esteem of young children with attention difficulties. The booklet concludes with suggestions for additional assistance for children for whom behavior management strategies are not enough. (Contains 18 references.) (KB)