This report attempts to improve the capacity of teachers, counselors, and other professionals to serve families whose children are at risk due to substance abuse and maltreatment on the part of the caretakers. Any professional coming into contact with these children needs to be aware of the scope of the problem and understand what these children face daily. Although parents abuse alcohol and other drugs at lower rates than do adults without children, 11% of U. S. children live with at least one parent who is either an alcoholic or in need of treatment for the abuse of illicit drugs. Few of these children come into contact with the child welfare system, and most remain in their parent(s)' care for most of their childhood. The two main research findings regarding these children are that: (1) they have poorer developmental outcomes, and (2) they are at risk for abusing substances themselves. This report documents what is known about substance abuse treatment and recovery, and its relationship to maltreatment. Families often come with their problems to find service systems fragmented, and limited in their ability to facilitate safety, permanency, and sobriety. This report sets the stage for many actions that can be taken to improve the nation's capacity to serve families whose children are at the greatest risk. Several service delivery models describing interventions for families with substance abuse and child maltreatment issues are presented. (Contains 3 appendixes, 28 figures, and approximately 175 references.) (Author/JMD)