This book covers essential problems and basic concepts of English language testing. There are 20 chapters in four sections. Section 1, "Background," includes: (1) "Why Teachers Test"; (2) "Some Definitions"; (3) "Validity and Reliability"; and (4) "What You Should Learn about Standardized Tests." Section 2, "Preparing To Write Tests," includes: (5) "Test Specifications"; (6) "Writing a Good Test"; and (7) "Some Common Problems with Test Items." Section 3, "Writing Tests," includes: (8) "Testing Reading"; (9) "Testing Listening"; (10) "Testing Writing"; (11) "Testing Speaking"; (12) "Testing Grammar"; (13) "Testing Vocabulary"; and (14) "Testing Communicative Competence." Section 4, "The Results," includes: (15) "Scoring Tests"; (16) "Graphs and Descriptive Statistics"; (17) "Item Analysis"; (18) "Computer Programs for Analyzing Test Results"; (19) "Evaluating Test Results"; and (20) "Reporting the Results of Examinations." Each chapter also includes a list of key words, an introduction, a conclusion, and either an application exercise or discussion questions. The two appendixes present types of language testing resources on the Internet and a list of language testing resources on the Internet. (SM)