A study of the decline in second language enrollments in Scotland's upper secondary schools is summarized. A survey conducted in 1998, sent to a random sample representing 25 percent of all secondary schools in the country, elicited administrator and language teacher opinions concerning factors influencing language enrollments. Some students were also invited to comment on their experiences of modern language learning and factors influencing their choice of courses. Data summarized here include: trends in the number of students taking advanced tests in the languages in 1976, 1986, and 1996; changes in the popularity of languages in relation to other top-enrollment subjects during that period; and the perceived contributions of public policy, school policy, school practice, and student attitudes to the enrollment decline. Potential for reversing the decline is considered, and specific recommendations are made. (MSE)