This paper discusses some of the issues in literacy that arose in Fiji in the 70s and the 80s, the social and contextual variables that shaped them, and the ways in which those issues were tackled. The paper also discusses some current developments that have occurred--some of these developments will have a positive benefit upon the literacy levels in the country but some may have an adverse effect. The paper contends that to better understand the literacy situation in Fiji, it is necessary to look at the historical roots of present day literacy. It presents a historical overview, concentrating on the role of Christian missionaries in promoting literacy and the role of the British government in establishing schools and setting curricula, with the emphasis on English. The paper also considers the urbanization of Fiji and modern economic development, along with the presence of television and other informational technologies, and discusses the South Pacific Literacy Project begun in the late 1980s and funded by the Australian government. Contains 22 references. (NKA)