Papers on second language testing in Japan include: "Differences Between Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests" (James Dean Brown); "Criterion-Referenced Test Construction and Evaluation" (Dale T. Griffe); "Behavioral Learning Objectives as an Evaluation Tool" (Judith A. Johnson); "Developing Norm- Referenced Tests for Program-Level Decision-Making" (Brown); "Monitoring Student Placement: A Test-Retest Comparison" (Sayoko Okada Yamashita); "Evaluating Young EFL Learners: Problems and Solutions" (R. Michael Bostwick); "Good and Bad Uses of TOEIC by Japanese Companies" (Marshall Childs); "A Comparison of TOEFL and TOEIC" (Susan Gilfert); "English Language Entrance Examinations at Japanese Universities: 1993 and 1994" (Brown, Yamashita); "Exploiting Washback from Standardized Tests" (Shaun Gates); "Testing Oral Ability: ILR and ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews" (Hiroto Nagata); "The SPEAK Test of Oral Proficiency: A Case Study of Incoming Freshmen" (Shawn Clankie); "Making Speaking Tests Valid: Practical Considerations in a Classroom Setting" (Yuji Nakamura); "Cooperative Assessment: Negotiating a Spoken-English Grading Scheme with Japanese University Students" (Jeannette Mclean); "Assessing the Unsaid: The Development of Tests of Nonverbal Ability" (Cloze Testing Options for the Classroom" (Cecilia B. Ikeguchi); and "The Validity of Written Pronunciation Questions: Focus on Phoneme Discrimination" (Shin'ichi Inoi). (MSE)