Several important developments have evolved in the supervision of cognitive therapists in the past few years. Five such developments are: (1) the conscious structuring of the supervision session to conform to the suggested structure of the therapy session; (2) increased emphasis on quickly and efficiently conceptualizing patients, refining the case formulation, using the conceptualization to plan treatment, and effectively communicating an accurate conceptualization to the patient; (3) emphasis on the importance of therapists using the same tools and techniques they recommend to patients; (4) a method of teaching therapists to plan treatment and identify problems through a series of questions they ask themselves before, during, and after therapy sessions; and (5) the refinement of a model of extramural supervision to train therapists who practice far from training centers. Future directions in the supervision of cognitive therapists include increased focus on the supervisory relationship, the creation of tools to assess the efficacy of supervision, and the development of methods to teach sophisticated cognitive approaches for different Axis I and Axis II disorders. Just as effective therapists flexibly vary their manner and techniques when dealing with patients, effective supervisors also vary their approach with supervisees in order to forge a strong supervisory alliance. (JBJ)