A qualitative study examined the effects of participation in literacy or adult basic education (ABE) programs on the lives of former students. Intensive confidential interviews were conducted with 45 self-selected former ABE students in British Columbia, Canada. From the standpoints of age, ethnic origin, gender, ABE entry level, and type of program attended, the former students represented a very diverse group. Fifteen ABE instructors were also interviewed regarding the intended impacts of ABE programs. The most salient impacts of the ABE experience were psychological. Respondents credited ABE with increasing their self-esteem/self-confidence and thereby enabling them to make important changes in their lives. It was concluded that, by helping people learn to learn and learn that they have learned, ABE/literacy programs enhance individual, family, and community growth and potential. The study findings emphasized the following: rethinking the dropout label, systemic support for lifelong learning, the importance of connecting with others, the need to contribute to the world, and the role of ABE in the economy and society. (Appendixes contain the following: information about terms used, study methodology, and the interviewees; definitions of literacy; release form; one interviewee's story; and a 42-item bibliography.) (MN)