This paper addresses three areas related to amplification for infants and toddlers with hearing impairments: (1) identification issues as they relate to early amplification; (2) selection of amplification; and (3) assessment of aided function. Identification issues discussed include the goal of early identification of hearing loss and the impact of technology. The paper addresses the following aspects of selection and fitting of amplification systems: formula approaches for fitting gain and output; facilitating adjustment to amplification; and recent expansions in fitting amplification. Finally, behavioral and objective methods of assessing aided hearing performance are described. The paper stresses that early intervention is now feasible on almost any patient given current technology and that the involvement of parents or caregivers at all stages is essential to the success of assessment and amplification selection and fitting. Contains 60 references. (DB)