This paper provides guidelines for the audiologic assessment of infants and young children, highlighting recent technologic advances in auditory electrophysiology, acoustic immitance measure procedures, and behavioral audiometric techniques. First, audiologic assessment guidelines developed by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association are discussed and the specific protocol used at the Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (New York) is outlined. Components of this protocol are then discussed in further detail, including: (1) auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluation, (2) the use of acoustic immitance measures, (3) behavioral audiologic assessment, (4) visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), (5) optimizing the clinical VRA procedure, (6) obtaining ear-specific thresholds, and (7) developing recommendations for amplification. Contains 40 references. (DB)