The economic upswing in Central and Eastern Europe can be achieved only with a skilled work force. In view of the traditional exemplary reputation of its dual system of vocational training, attention is being directed toward Germany. The dual system differs from that of other countries in that not only the state determines which qualifications may be provided. The requirements are defined by practice itself. The German economy finances the practical training of skilled workers in an amount three times greater than that which the state makes available for training at vocational schools. This personal interest on the part of the economy presumes a well-functioning economy capable of bearing the basic costs of such training. Various transitional forms are possible. The training and further training of skilled workers in Germany is focused on the practical teaching content provided on the job. This should not, however, be confused with semiskilled production jobs into which some countries place students. In Germany, the state regulates the framework in which the economy operates. Germany enjoys the lowest level of youth unemployment of all industrial countries. The training personnel sector plays an important role. Germany is supporting the reform processes in Central and Eastern Europe through counseling in vocational training reform and the creation of statutory foundations; support for model training centers; qualification assistance; and international activities. (YLB)