A collection of articles on second-language testing includes: "The State of Language Testing in the 1990s" (J. Charles Alderson); "The Exercise of Power and Control in the Rhetorics of Testing" (Elana Shohamy); "Institutional and Political Aspects of Language Testing" (Bernard Spolsky); "Language Planning Policy and Development of FL Proficiency in Finland" (Sauli Takala); "Language Policy and Language Testing" (Ingrid Wijgh); "Criterion-Referenced Language Test Development: A Prolegomenon" (Fred Davidson, Brian Lynch); "A Method for Improving Tasks on Performance-Based Assessments through Field Testing" (Dorry Mann Kenyon, Charles W. Stansfield); "Fuzzy Set Theory Application in Criterion-Referenced Testing" (Felly Stoyanova); "Personality Characteristics as a Potential Source of Language Test Bias" (Vivien Berry); "Relationships between TOEFL Subsections, Speaking and Language Learning Background" (Harry L. Gradman, Edith Hanania); "Recent Developments in National Examinations in Finland" (Ari Huhta, Kari Sajavaara, Sauli Takala); "Tests for Measuring the Understanding of Iconical Tropes" (Christo Kaftandiiev, Felly Stoyanova); "Rating the Quality of Student Writing--Findings from the IEA Study of Achievement in Written Composition" (Rainer H. Lehmann); "A Model of ESL Reading Comprehension Difficulty" (Kyle Perkins, Sheila L. Brutten); "Question Level Bias in Cloze Questions--an L1 Transfer Effect" (Alastair Pollitt, Lynda Taylor); and "Proficiency Tests in Contemporary Foreign Language Syllabus" (Diana Rumpite, A. Rotanova, L. Ilyanskaya). (MSE)