The case study, the use of ethnography, and phenomenological methods and techniques of research are introduced as approaches to qualitative research in the area of educational technology. Both ethnography and phenomenological research are interpretive and descriptive forms of research. The ethnographic investigation focuses on the social organization of a group to examine the cultural processes and perspectives of those within the culture. Meaning assigned to experience and behavior in a culture results from a complex mixture of objects, situations, and events. Phenomenological researchers believe that there are multiple ways of interpreting events for each person and that these interpretations are what constitute reality for each person. A case study provides a holistic description of an environment. Case studies may be written at different analytic levels and result in different products, depending on the research questions. Research questions may be vague at the beginning of a qualitative study, but they are refined in the study process. Qualitative research issues of population, data collection and analysis, and reporting results are explored. (Contains 11 references.) (SLD)