This book combines in a single volume the findings of basic research and clinical studies conducted on the effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs on the fetus, the mother, and the baby after birth and through lactation. It first outlines changing perspectives on teratology (the study of causes for birth defects), as knowledge about the dangers of maternal alcohol and other drug use has increased, and notes limitations of teratogenic research. It reviews maternal factors that influence pregnancy outcomes. Characteristics of drugs and their risk to the fetus are discussed, focusing on genetic vulnerability of the fetus, timing of drug exposure, dosage and patterns of consumption, and chemical properties of drugs. Hazards of prenatal exposure to specific drugs are then examined, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, heroin and other opioids or synthetic narcotics, phencyclidine, and prescription medications. For each drug, information is provided on: suspected mechanisms for drug damage to the fetus, effects on fertility, effects during pregnancy and delivery, effects on the newborn, effects on breastfeeding, and effects on the growing child. Suggestions are then offered for counseling women about childbearing and childrearing risks of drug use. A section titled "For More Information" lists health information clearinghouses, compendiums of resources, publications and pamphlets, sources for treatment referrals, and additional readings. (Contains approximately 150 references.) (JDD)