Testimony about the role of education and teachers with regard to an extended school day/year is presented in this paper, which argues that the school must deliver and attend to students' wide range of intellectual and social needs. Changing social conditions have created new and increased responsibilities for schools, in which administrators must become better prepared to provide leadership in the delivery of social services and teachers must be "front line" diagnosticians and referral agents. To carry out their new responsibilities, teachers must be provided with staff, more preparation time, and access to resources. If schools move to longer school years or days, the first priority must be to provide student services. The second priority is to give teachers at least 1,100 clock hours per year of quality instructional time with K-12 students. Other needs are to allow teachers time for diagnostic/referral functions and professional development. (LMI)