This monograph explores the research findings and experiential knowledge base on toddlers and preschool-age children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs. It is designed to influence public policy relating to the needs and early intervention plans for this population, from the medical, child welfare, psychosocial, developmental, legal, and political/advocacy disciplines. An introduction outlines the scope of the problem and examines potential solutions to the problem through education, intervention, and research. Ten papers are then presented, with the following titles and authors: "Perinatal Factors That Influence Neonatal Outcome" (Sonia Imaizumi); "Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine on Newborn Behavior and Development: A Critical Review" (Edward Z. Tronick and Marjorie Beeghly); "Prenatal Opiate Exposure: Developmental Effects in Infancy and Early Childhood" (Karol A. Kaltenbach); "Fetal Alcohol Effects in Preschool Children: Research, Prevention, and Intervention" (Claire D. Coles and Kathleen A. Platzman); "Spontaneous Play and the Development of Young Children" (Carol Rodning and others); "An Ecological Perspective: The Impact of Culture and Social Environment on Drug-Exposed Children" (Iris E. Smith); "The Child Welfare Challenge in Meeting Developmental Needs" (Richard L. Jones and others); "Educational Policy Issues in Serving Infants and Toddlers Born Toxic-Positive to Drugs" (Charlie Mae Knight); "Advocacy on Behalf of Drug-Exposed Children: Legal Perspectives" (Janet R. Fink); and "Three Years Later: The Young Mother's Legal Battles Continue" (Robert M. Horowitz). (JDD)