The development of improved and alternative methods of educational assessment should take advantage of technologies that enable different aspects of learning, teaching, and student achievement to be part of an improved assessment system. The current understanding of knowledge assessment, new approaches to assessment, and technologies that may enhance assessment are discussed. Emphasis is on computer-based and visual technologies that may contribute to new assessment methods and scenarios concerning the ways technology-enhanced assessment may function in the social and organizational context of schooling. Five categories of technologies that support key features of new assessments are: (1) intelligent tutoring systems; (2) simulations and modeling programs; (3) multimedia systems; (4) tool software (such as word processors and writing environments); and (5) video technology that can record student responses. Three scenarios for the implementation of new technologies in assessment are presented. To the extent that new assessment tasks can sample a broad range of skills, the opportunity for students from different groups to display competence is enhanced. A 72-item list of references is included. An appendix lists 10 examples of educational software from the 5 categories. (SLD)