This manual has been prepared for those responsible for interpreting scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). In addition to test interpretation information, the manual describes the test, explains the TOEFL program, and discusses program research activities. The TOEFL was developed in 1963 to test the English-language proficiency of those wanting to study at colleges and universities in the United States. The TOEFL consists of the following sections: (1) listening comprehension; (2) structure and written expression; and (3) vocabulary and reading comprehension. A direct assessment of writing proficiency, the Test of Written English, is a required section of the TOEFL; it is a 30-minute essay test that demonstrates a student's ability to organize ideas on paper. Test questions are written by language specialists, members of the TOEFL Committee of Examiners, and test specialists with the Educational Testing Service (ETS), which administers the TOEFL program. The TOEFL program provides 12 possible test dates each year, although actual administrations vary in a given area. Tests and scores are reported by ETS. Institutions can use the TOEFL for internal placement and assessment purposes. Following an overview of the program, this manual contains information on testing; test results; use of TOEFL scores; performance of reference groups; statistical characteristics of the test; and other TOEFL programs, procedures, publications, and services. A 34-item list of references and 19 data tables are included. (SLD)