This handbook is designed as a resource or guide for volunteers teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to non-English-speaking adults. The first chapter discusses ESL students' needs and goals. Basic characteristics and attitudes of ESL students are noted, including the specific cultural traits of the following language groups common in the Philadelphia area: Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, Russian, Vietnamese, and West African. Suggestions for defining student goals and needs and for selecting instructional materials are also offered. The second chapter looks at some basic principles of ESL teaching, including: the elements of language, the functional approach, choosing situations and topics, the progression from controlled to free language practice, mechanical and communicative exercises contrasted, and general teaching tips. Chapter 3 addresses specific language skill areas, including: listening/speaking skills, pronunciation, and reading/writing skills. Instructional principles, activities, and techniques are presented for each. A worksheet for planning lessons is also included. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)