A review of the literature was conducted to understand whether or not and how enterprise zones and other economic development strategies apply to Indian country. The review: (1) summarizes the effects of past and present federal policies on Indians and their economic development efforts; (2) examines the literature on enterprise zones, as envisioned at the federal level and as implemented on the state level; (3) highlights some of the literature on current Indian economic development efforts; and (4) looks at the relevance of enterprise zones and other federally enacted incentives to reservation development strategies. Through some notable successes with reservation businesses, it has been shown that economic development is possible. Some essential pre-conditions to success include tribal commitment and leadership, sound business practices, availability of investment capital, and the resources to support job training. There also have been economic failures on the reservations. Externally initiated projects are often culturally irrelevant to Indian people. Other difficulties include the geographic isolation of the reservations, as well as the lack of education and job skills. The literature points to the need for the Indians themselves to initiate and be involved in efforts to achieve economic self-sufficiency. Enterprise zones have not been sufficiently implemented by the federal government, and the ones implemented by the states have met with mixed results. Includes 17 references. (ALL)