Over the past decade, there has developed a steadily growing literature on the identification and treatment of survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Much of the literature has focused on the incidence and psychological impact of the abuse, and on techniques and stages of treatment. Less attention has been given thus far to the details and nuances of the analytic work, and especially to the complicated transference and countertransference elements of the therapeutic relationships. This paper outlines a range of possible transference and countertransference themes that may emerge in the psychoanalytic treatment of survivors of chronic incest. Areas of countertransference include: (1) response to the taboo against incest; (2) parental countertransference; (3) denial; (4) sexual and voyeuristic countertransference; and (5) gender related countertransference. This paper also discusses a few of the transference paradigms which can elicit strong countertransference reactions. These include the patient's mode of affect regulation, experience by the patient of the therapist as the incestuous "father," and the transference organized around the patient's identification with the aggressor. (LLL)