While current research is beginning to suggest that it is masculinity that correlates with mental health, results are inconclusive and studies have primarily focused on limited measures of mental health. This study incorporated multiple measures of self-concept in an analysis of the relationship between sex-role orientation and mental health of women. Subjects (N=293) were female professionals, graduate students, mental health clients, and victims of domestic violence from five regions of the United States. Subjects completed four subscales from the Personal Orientation Inventory, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and a demographic data sheet. The results indicated a strong, positive correlation between masculinity and all six measures of self-concept as well as internal locus of control. Results suggest that females high in masculinity (and subsequently either a masculine or androgynous sex role orientation) are more likely to have a better self-concept, including more inner-directed support, self-regard, self-acceptance, and self-esteem; more internal locus of control; a higher level of education; and a more professional occupation than their feminine and undifferentiated counterparts who reflect low masculinity. (NB)