This document studies the role of unions, management, government, and education agencies (the social partners) in vocational training in Italy. Through an analysis of existing and historical structures governing cooperation and coordination between the social partners and the public bodies responsible for vocational education and training, an in-depth investigation was carried out and proposals for improved dialogue at various levels were made. This report is organized in five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the analytical frame of reference, including the premises and the questions of the study, the diachronic dimension of the training system in Italy, difficulties of the system, and the contemporary crisis of the system. Chapter 2 outlines new trends in participation in the training system, and Chapter 3 examines vocational training in three sectors: the construction industry, the banking sector, and the metal industry. Case studies are included. Chapter 4 is a survey of the attitudes of the social partners toward participation in vocational training, and Chapter 5 contains a summary and conclusions, as well as a note for future change precipitated by the present crisis. (KC)