This report discusses the nature of homelessness and the homeless in America, recent programs that have been implemented to help the homeless, and issues concerning the Federal government's role in helping these people. The following topics concerning the characteristics of the homeless and the causes of homelessness are covered: (1) "Mental Illness, Substance Abuse, and Health Problems"; (2) "Economic Circumstances"; (3) "Family Crisis"; and (4) "Interaction of Contributing Factors." The following topics of debate surrounding the Federal responsibility for the homeless are discussed: (1) "Federal Housing Policy"; (2) "Emergency Shelters"; (3) "Welfare Hotels"; (4) "Deinstitutionalization"; (5) "Health, Social, and Welfare Services"; and (6) "Overall Responsibility." Past legislation by the 100th Congress, the Stewart B. McKinney Act programs in particular, is discussed. Also covered are the issues that the 101st Congress is facing now in addressing the questions of whether to provide additional funding for programs benefiting the homeless and at what levels. Two tables of proposed and actual funding for the major McKinney Act programs are included. Descriptions of the following legislation designed to provide emergency and other funds for housing and other services for the homeless are included: (1) H.J. Res. 31 (Vento); (2) H.R. 140 (Vento); (3) H.R. 363 (Schumer); (4) H.R. 410 (Weiss); (5) S. 217 (Moynihan); and (6) S. 226 (Moynihan). A list of seven references is included. (JS)