This paper reports a study of curriculum and teaching methods in 10 Old Order Mennonite one-room schools in Pennsylvania. It provides a review of the historical background and cultural characteristics of the Old Order Mennonites. The one-room schools examined in the study are similar in structure and instruction to U.S. public one-room schools of the early 1900s. This paper describes classroom decorations, recess, meals, a typical instruction program, and typical textbooks. All participants agree that reading is the most important part of instruction. Students read both silently and orally in English and German, German being the language used for worship services. History and geography are also considered important subjects, but less important than mathematics and reading. Sixty-six percent of student time was spent working individually. Students know what work they have to complete and stay on-task with few verbal statements by the teachers. The community is an integral part of these schools, providing building and maintenance, teacher hiring, and school board membership. Community members also visit the schools quite frequently. These schools are differentiated from modern public schools by the cooperative attitude, community involvement, importance of reading, and reflection of community values. This paper contains 16 references and 6 tables. (DHP)