This study was designed to correct misperceptions many Americans have concerning one-room schools and Old Order Mennonite and Amish education in the United States. It was also intended to quantify the number of U.S. public and private one-room schools. The paper briefly reviews the history of Amish and Old Order Mennonite schools. Recent research has centered on the decline of public one-teacher schools in the United States but has ignored the growth of private one-room schools. In 1988 Amish and Old Order Mennonite schools comprised 41% of the one-room schools in the country and were increasing at the rate of about 15 new schools per year. Information in the study was gathered through literature review and surveys of state departments of education conducted in July and August of 1987. The study found that, as of 1987, there were 674 public and 605 private one-room schools in the United States. Eighty percent of the public one-room schools are located west of the Mississippi River. Data from the study indicate that one-room schools will be around for the foreseeable future, although the rate of reduction in the number of public one-room schools has declined since the 1950's. Tables show the following statistics: the number of one-room schools by state in 1950, 1985, 1986, and 1987; the number of public and private one-room schools by state in 1987; and the total number of one-room schools in 10 different years from 1930 to 1987. (TES)